Forgiveness
Letting go of wrongs given or received. Mercy and its limits.
“Have you forgiven someone, or been forgiven, in a way that mattered? What was it, and what changed?”
Facets
The angles forgiveness keeps showing up at, across thousands of years.
Returning good for evil
Rather than retaliating against those who wrong us, respond with kindness, patience, and love.
15 passages · 5 traditions
The best kind of revenge is, not to become like unto them.
— Stoicism · Meditations, 6.V, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
Either teach them better if it be in thy power; or if it be not, remember that for this use, to bear with them patiently, was mildness and goodness granted unto thee. The Gods themselves are good unto such; yea and in some things, (as in matter of health, of wealth, of honour,) are content often to further their endeavours: so good and gracious are they. And mightest thou not be so too? or, tell me, what doth hinder thee?
— Stoicism · Meditations, 9.IX, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
They that shall oppose thee in thy right courses, as it is not in their power to divert thee from thy good action, so neither let it be to divert thee from thy good affection towards them. But be it thy care to keep thyself constant in both; both in a right judgment and action, and in true meekness towards them, that either shall do their endeavour to hinder thee, or at least will be displeased with thee for what thou hast done.
— Stoicism · Meditations, 11.VIII, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
To those who are good (to me), I am good; and to those who are not good (to me), I am also good;--and thus (all) get to be good. To those who are sincere (with me), I am sincere; and to those who are not sincere (with me), I am also sincere;--and thus (all) get to be sincere.
To act without (thinking of) acting; to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste without discerning any flavour; to consider what is small as great, and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.
But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Matthew.Matthew 5:44, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
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Will any contemn me? let him look to that, upon what grounds he does it: my care shall be that I may never be found either doing or speaking anything that doth truly deserve contempt. Will any hate me? let him look to that. I for my part will be kind and loving unto all.
— Stoicism · Meditations, 11.XII, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
All men are made one for another: either then teach them better, or bear with them.
— Stoicism · Meditations, 8.LVI, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
Turn aside evil with that which is better: we best know what they utter against thee.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 23.23:96, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
Let us live happily then, not hating those who hate us! among men who hate us let us dwell free from hatred!
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 15.v.197, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Proverbs.Proverbs 10:12, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
For hatred does not cease by hatred at any time: hatred ceases by love, this is an old rule.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 1.v.5, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
meekness is a thing unconquerable, if it be true and natural, and not affected or hypocritical. For how shall even the most fierce and malicious that thou shalt conceive, be able to hold on against thee, if thou shalt still continue meek and loving unto him?
— Stoicism · Meditations, 11.XVI, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Matthew.Matthew 5:7, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
Let a man overcome anger by love, let him overcome evil by good; let him overcome the greedy by liberality, the liar by truth!
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 17.v.223, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
Turning back: repentance and return
The journey of recognizing one's own wrongdoing, turning away from it, and seeking restoration.
25 passages · 3 traditions
O my people, why, if ye ask not pardon of God that ye may find mercy, hasten ye on evil rather than good?
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 27.27:46, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, 1 John.1 John 1:9, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
Save he who having done amiss shall afterwards exchange the evil for good; for I am Forgiving, Merciful.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 27.27:11, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, James.James 5:16, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
And I said, Beg forgiveness of your Lord, for He is ready to forgive. He will send down the very Heaven upon you in plenteous rains; And will increase you in wealth and children; and will give you gardens, and will give you watercourses.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 71-76.71:10-12, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Matthew.Matthew 6:14-15, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
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Serve God and fear Him, and obey me: Your sins will He forgive you, and respite you till the fixed Time; for when God's fixed Time hath come, it shall not be put back. Would that ye knew this!
They said, 'It cannot harm us, for to our Lord shall we return: Assuredly we trust that our Lord will forgive us our sins, since we are of the first who believe.'
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Psalms.Psalms 51:17, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
This is what ye have been promised: to every one who hath turned in penitence to God and kept his laws; Who hath feared the God of Mercy in secret, and come to him with a contrite heart: Enter it in peace: this is the day of Eternity.
But when they beheld it, they said, 'Truly we have been in fault: Yes! we are forbidden our fruits.' The most rightminded of them said, 'Did I not say to you, Will ye not give praise to God?'
Surely however will I forgive him who turneth to God and believeth, and worketh righteousness, and then yieldeth to guidance.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 20.20:82, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
They said, 'Oh woe to us! we have indeed transgressed! Haply our Lord will give us in exchange a better garden than this: verily we crave it of our Lord.'
Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Matthew.Matthew 5:23-24, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
If one of evil life turn in his thought / Straightly to Me, count him amidst the good; / He hath the high way chosen; he shall grow / Righteous ere long; he shall attain that peace / Which changes not.
— Hinduism · Bhagavad Gita, 8.near end, tr. Edwin Arnold, 1885 ↗
Save those who shall repent and believe and do righteous works—for them God will change their evil things into good things, for God is Gracious, Merciful.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 25.25:70, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Proverbs.Proverbs 28:13, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy son.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Luke.Luke 15:17-19, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
Moreover, Son of Pandu! wert thou worst Of all wrong-doers, this fair ship of Truth Should bear thee safe and dry across the sea Of thy transgressions.
— Hinduism · Bhagavad Gita, 3.Chapter IV, later section, tr. Edwin Arnold, 1885 ↗
I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Luke.Luke 15:7, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Luke.Luke 15:24, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
He said: "Peace be on thee! I will pray my Lord for thy forgiveness, for he is gracious to me: But I will separate myself from you, and the gods ye call on beside God, and on my Lord will I call. Haply, my prayers to my Lord will not be with ill success."
Who hath created me, and guideth me, Who giveth me food and drink; And when I am sick, he healeth me, And who will cause me to die and again quicken me, And who, I hope, will forgive me my sins in the day of reckoning.
Meet is He to be feared. Meet is forgiveness in Him.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 74.74:56, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
And Dhoulnoun; when he went on his way in anger, and thought that we had no power over him. But in the darkness he cried "There is no God but thou: Glory be unto Thee! Verily, I have been one of the evil doers:" So we heard him and rescued him from misery: for thus rescue we the faithful.
The prodigal welcomed home
Divine and human mercy runs ahead of deserving — the wrongdoer is received back with open arms.
9 passages · 4 traditions
To those who avoid great crimes and scandals but commit only lighter faults, verily, thy Lord will be diffuse of mercy. He well knew you when he produced you out of the earth, and when ye were embryos in your mother's womb. Assert not then your own purity. He best knoweth who feareth him.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 56.53:32, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
But herein is the gift and mercy of God, the Author of this society, in that, once cut off we may grow together and become part of the whole again. But if this happen often the misery is that the further a man is run in this division, the harder he is to be reunited and restored again.
— Stoicism · Meditations, 11.VII, tr. George Long, 1862 ↗
But pardon and a great reward for those who fear their Lord in secret!
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 67.67:12, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
And all rancour will We remove from their bosoms: they shall sit as brethren, face to face, on couches: Therein no weariness shall reach them, nor forth from it shall they be cast for ever.
Him only shalt thou really warn, who followeth the monition and feareth the God of mercy in secret: him cheer with tidings of pardon, and of a noble recompense.
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 36.36:11, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine. It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Luke.Luke 15:31-32, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
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Bad men it guards, and doth their ill efface. (Its) admirable words can purchase honour; (its) admirable deeds can raise their performer above others. Even men who are not good are not abandoned by it.
Who hath created death and life to prove which of you will be most righteous in deed; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving!
— Qur’an · Qur'an, 67.67:2, tr. J. M. Rodwell, 1861 ↗
But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, Luke.Luke 15:20, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
Evil deeds and their inescapable weight
Wrong actions carry consequences that cannot be outrun — only genuinely undone through change.
12 passages · 4 traditions
More precious is one hour in repentance and good deeds in this world, than all the life of the world to come; And more precious is one hour of the tranquility of the world to come, than all the life of this world.
— Rabbinic Judaism · Pirkei Avot, 4.4:17, tr. Sefaria (CC-BY), 2024 ↗
Not in the sky, not in the midst of the sea, not if we enter into the clefts of the mountains, is there known a spot in the whole world where a man might be freed from an evil deed.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 9.v.127, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
Let the honor of your friend be as dear to you as your own; And be not easily provoked to anger; And repent one day before your death.
— Rabbinic Judaism · Pirkei Avot, 2.2:10, tr. Sefaria (CC-BY), 2024 ↗
Whoever causes the multitudes to be righteous, sin will not occur on his account; And whoever causes the multitudes to sin, they do not give him the ability to repent.
— Rabbinic Judaism · Pirkei Avot, 5.5:18, tr. Sefaria (CC-BY), 2024 ↗
He whose evil deeds are covered by good deeds, brightens up this world, like the moon when freed from clouds.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 13.v.173, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
He who formerly was reckless and afterwards became sober, brightens up this world, like the moon when freed from clouds.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 13.v.172, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
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An evil deed is better left undone, for a man repents of it afterwards; a good deed is better done, for having done it, one does not repent.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 22.v.314, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
And on that day shall the wicked one bite his hands, and say, 'Oh! would that I had taken the same path with the Apostle! Oh! woe is me! would that I had not taken such an one for my friend! It was he who led me astray from the Warning which had reached me! and Satan is man's betrayer.'
He who seeking his own happiness punishes or kills beings who also long for happiness, will not find happiness after death.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 10.v.131, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment.
— Hebrew & Christian Bible · Bible, James.James 2:13, tr. King James Version (1611/1769), 1611 ↗
There is no suffering for him who has finished his journey, and abandoned grief, who has freed himself on all sides, and thrown off all fetters.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 7.v.90, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗
He who, by causing pain to others, wishes to obtain pleasure for himself, he, entangled in the bonds of hatred, will never be free from hatred.
— Buddhism · Dhammapada, 21.v.291, tr. F. Max Müller, 1881 ↗